Perimenopause is a transitional period that marks the gradual decline in reproductive functions. As part of this natural process, the production of reproductive hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) gradually reduces, which can cause a number of unexpected bodily changes, including changes in your gums.
Why Does Perimenopause/Menopause Cause Gum Changes?
Perimenopause may occur in women aged 40 to 50, and typically causes a varying number of symptoms that indicate a woman has already entered this phase. Common symptoms include frequent hot flashes, irregular menstrual cycles, intermittent mood swings, and even insomnia. Some women may have varying symptoms, whereby some women may experience mild or no symptoms at all, while others may have a hard time with severe symptoms interfering with their daily lives.
As perimenopause transitions into menopause, gum changes may gradually occur as reproductive hormone levels slowly decrease. Apart from regulating the menstrual cycle, these hormones also maintain various bodily functions, including bone density and strength that also relate to your teeth. Not only does this increase the risk of osteoporosis, but it also puts you at a higher risk of tooth loss or decay, as well as other conditions affecting the jawbone. Low hormone levels also decrease saliva production and thin the surrounding soft tissues, making your gums and teeth more prone to inflammation, bleeding, and plaque/bacterial build-up, among other complications.
Early Warning Signs to Pay Attention To
Gum changes are often accompanied by other oral complications, so it may be wise to look for early warning signs to receive prompt treatment and prevent long-term oral health issues.
Bleeding/Inflamed Gums
Bleeding gums may be the result of gingivitis, an oral condition characterised by redness, irritation, swelling and bleeding of the gums near the base of your teeth. Oestrogen helps maintain oral health by suppressing inflammation, so reduced oestrogen levels could make the gums more prone to inflammation, especially as their natural defenses wane due to hormone fluctuations. If you notice that your gums appear swollen or have a deep red hue, or if you experience frequent bleeding when brushing or flossing your teeth, consult a dentist immediately.
Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)
A dry mouth results from reduced saliva production as hormone levels fluctuate. Saliva is essential to protecting your oral health, as it serves as a buffer that neutralises the acid in your mouth after a meal. It also helps to fend off infections that could affect your mouth, so a reduction in saliva can increase your risk of various oral conditions. Less saliva also makes it harder to remove excess food or debris between the gums and teeth, which can exacerbate tartar build-up and lead to cavities or even gum disease. If your mouth often feels drier than normal, and you frequently experience painful oral symptoms, seek dental assistance immediately.
Gum Disease
If oral conditions are not treated quickly, perimenopause can increase the risk that it leads to advanced gum disease. Apart from bleeding and inflamed gums, gum disease can lead to tooth decay, receding gums, and other chronic conditions, as your quality of life declines. Receding gums are particularly concerning, as they can create pockets where bacteria can accumulate and eventually lead to an infection. Be sure to look out for noticeable redness or a reduction in your gums and have it checked by a dentist immediately.
Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS)
Perimenopause may also cause a burning, tingling, or scalding sensation in your mouth, tongue, or lips. The exact cause of BMS is still not fully understood, but it can potentially lead to changes in your taste, such as a metallic or bitter tang when eating or drinking. This burning sensation also makes it difficult for you to eat, causing you to eat less to minimise the discomfort and potentially influencing your appetite. If you suddenly and frequently experience this, visit a dentist at once.
Tooth/Jawbone Complications
As oestrogen is responsible for bone density, a reduction in its levels can subsequently cause various complications to your oral bone structure. This means your jawbone and teeth can gradually weaken, leading to tooth decay, tooth loss, overcrowding, and other dental issues. Prompt dental treatment is necessary if you experience any of these tooth-related symptoms.
How to Prevent Gum Complications
Hormonal fluctuations can cause a host of concerns, but you can still take care of your dental health. In fact, if you are not yet going through perimenopause, preventive care can still be taken to ensure your gums remain in good health for the foreseeable future.
- Regular check-ups and cleanings allow your dentist to fine-tune your preventive care and ensure your gums remain healthy for as long as possible.
- Maintain a consistent home dental hygiene schedule. Brush your teeth twice a day and floss once daily. Consider using an antimicrobial mouthwash to help reduce dental plaque that accumulates between your gums and teeth.
- Stay hydrated regularly with water. It helps to keep your saliva flowing and maintain proper pH balance to prevent dental complications. Avoid substituting water with carbonated drinks or other sweetened liquids.
- Adopt a well-balanced diet that provides you with the minerals and vitamins your body needs to stay in shape. Increase your intake of calcium and vitamin D while limiting your alcohol and caffeine intake. You should also cut down on sugary beverages, processed snacks, and highly salty or oily foods.
- Quit smoking. Smoking can increase the risk of various dental-related complications, including periodontal disease.
- Speak to your doctor or dentist for further advice and support to help maintain your oral health and hygiene.
If you would like to know more about treating gum disease, feel free to visit An Dental today to speak to our dedicated dental team.
